Important

Warping

Edges of printed parts lifting from the bed. Especially common in large prints and corners.

Symptoms

  • Corners of print lifting from bed
  • Print detaching from bed during printing
  • Bottom surface curling up, not flat
  • Edges of large prints lifting

Main Causes

1. Insufficient Bed Temperature

Low bed temperature reduces adhesion, causing warping due to shrinkage during cooling. Especially noticeable with high-shrinkage filaments like ABS and ASA.

2. Excessive Cooling

Too much part cooling creates temperature differences between layers, causing internal stress and warping.

3. Poor Adhesion

Dirty bed surface or improper first layer settings result in insufficient initial adhesion, making warping more likely.

4. Environmental Temperature

Low room temperature or direct airflow from air conditioning causes rapid cooling and warping.

Solutions & Checkpoints

Increase Bed Temperature

Set appropriate bed temperature for the filament.

  • • PLA: 60-70°C (usually 60°C is sufficient)
  • • PETG: 70-80°C
  • • ABS/ASA: 90-110°C (enclosure recommended)
  • • PC: 100-120°C

Adjust Fan Speed

Keep fan low or off for initial layers, gradually increase.

  • • First 3-5 layers: fan 0-20%
  • • Gradually increase to target speed
  • • ABS/ASA: keep fan low overall (0-30%)

Use Brim or Raft

Increase contact area to prevent warping.

  • • Brim: 5-10mm width (small to medium prints)
  • • Raft: effective for large prints or warp-prone materials
  • • Skirt: not effective for warping

Clean Bed Surface

Regular cleaning maintains adhesion.

  • • Remove oils with IPA or ethanol
  • • Use adhesive (glue stick, etc.) if needed
  • • Light sanding effective for PEI sheets

Use Enclosure

Especially effective for high-shrinkage materials like ABS/ASA.

  • • Maintain constant chamber temperature
  • • Block external air influence
  • • Simple cardboard enclosure also effective